![]() ![]() TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol for the data link layer either. The responsibility of the physical layer, in addition to delivery of bits, matches with what mentioned for the physical layer of the OSI model, but it mostly depends on the underlying technologies that provide links. ![]() The physical layer, however, treats each bit individually. When the connection is established between the two nodes, a stream of bits is flowing between them. The unit of communication is a single bit. It supports all of the standard and proprietary protocols.Īt this level, the communication is between two hops or nodes, either a computer or router. TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol for the physical layer. The above image represents the layers of TCP/IP protocol suite. The purpose of each layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is detailed below. The four layers of the TCP/IP model are the host-to-network layer, internet/network layer, transport layer and the application layer. The term hierarchical means that each upper level protocol is supported by one or more lower level protocols. The OSI model specifies which functions belong to each of its layers but the layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite contain relatively independent protocols that can be mixed and matched, depending on the needs of the system. The application layer in the suite is usually considered to be the combination of three layers in the OSI model. When we compare the two models, we find that two layers, session and presentation, are missing from the TCP/IP protocol. Today, however, TCP/IP is thought of as a five-layer model with the layers named similar to the ones in the OSI model. The original TCP/IP protocol was defined as four software layers built upon the hardware.
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